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"Rhetorical reason" is the faculty of discovering the crux of the matter. It is a characteristic of rhetorical invention and it precedes argumentation. ==Aristotle's definition== Aristotle's definition of rhetoric, "The faculty of observing, in any given case, the available means of persuasion", presupposes a distinction between an art (τέχνη, ''techné'') of speech–making and a cognitively prior faculty of discovery. That is so because, before one argues a case, one must discover what is at issue. How, for example, does one discover available means of persuasion? One does not simply frolic through fertile fields of τόποι (''topoi''), randomly gathering materials with which to build lines of argument. There is a method endemic to rhetoric which guides the search for those lines of argument that speak most directly to the issue at stake. George A. Kennedy explains the distinction when he writes that the work of rhetoric, in Aristotle's view, "is "to discover ((''theoresai'') ) the available means of persuasion" (1.1.1355b25-6). It is thus a theoretical activity and discovers knowledge. This knowledge, which includes words, arguments, and topics, is then used by the orator as the material cause of a speech. There is thus a theoretical art of rhetoric standing behind or above the productive art of speech-making" (1980, p. 63). Rhetorical invention then, involves more than a ''techné''; it is also a faculty of discovery (''dunamis'' (δύναμις) to ''theoresai'')—rhetorical reason. The Aristotelian approach to invention further assumes that reasoning employed in decision-making is a kind of probable reasoning. "It assumes that, although the contingencies of nature and of individuals prevent our obtaining certainty about future political and social affairs, we still can use our reason to discover the best course to pursue. Such reasoning applied to human affairs to make decisions about what should be done is rhetorical reasoning issuing in praxis". (Moss 1986, pp. 2, 3) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Rhetorical reason」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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